Jaundice Disease Essay Example

Jaundice Disease Essay Example Jaundice Disease Essay Jaundice Disease Essay The word jaundice is gotten from a French word called as jaune, which means yellow. It is a typical condition which is found in infants which can be treated by presenting them to daylight. It is otherwise called yellow skin or eyes illness. It turns your skin, mucous films, sclera (the white of your eyes) into a solitary yellow shading. This yellow shade which is seen on your skin is because of bilirubin which is a result of old red platelets. On the off chance that you are influenced by jaundice believe it to be a difficult issue which can't to be trifled with. Almost 1% red platelets resign regular and those are supplanted by new platelets. These old platelets are handled in the liver and later arranged. On the off chance that there happens to be such a large number of old red platelets the yellow color develops in the body, which brings about the principal phases of jaundice. Despite the fact that jaundice isn't a malady yet it is an indication for some different infections. Jaundice is normal among babies because of the youthful working of the liver. It isn't outfitted to manage the expulsion of bilirubin from the circulation system. Jaundice happens principally because of liver disappointment however there are numerous different reasons by which it is influenced. Bilirubin is a characteristic item emerging from the typical breakdown of red platelets in the body and is discharged in the bile, through the activities of the liver. Jaundice is frequently the consequence of a confusion influencing the liver it very well may be brought about by an assortment of different conditions influencing for instance the blood or spleen. It ought to be altogether examined so the fundamental reason can be distinguished and rewarded. The red platelets in our flow convey oxygen to all pieces of the body and have a life expectancy of around 120 days. Toward an amazing finish they are separated and expelled from the course by exceptional cells called phagocytes, which are found inside the bone marrow, spleen and liver. New red cells are obviously ceaselessly produced and this additionally happens inside the bone marrow. Following breakdown of the red cells a portion of their segment parts, for example, amino acids and iron can be re-utilized by the body. Different segments, for example, bilirubin should be expelled. Knowing how this evacuation pathway functions is the way to seeing how jaundice happens. Most waste results of the body are discharged in the pee by means of the kidneys however the liver and bile framework is the other primary physical course out of the body for these substances. By squander items we mean the numerous exacerbates that emerge over the span of the bodys digestion however practically all types of medications should likewise be wiped out either through the pee or bile courses. On account of bilirubin discharged from old red cells, it goes through the circulation system to the liver, where the liver cells process it. These cells complete numerous mind boggling compound capacities and furthermore produce the fluid bile, which is the vehicle by which the cells release their yield to the bile pipe framework. This is an expanding system of minuscule cylinders all through the liver, which converge similarly as the parts of a tree. Eventually a solitary primary bile conduit comes out of the liver and joins the initial segment of the small digestive system (duodenum). Bile (and along these lines bilirubin) at that point drops through the little and internal organs and is discharged in the stool (excrement). Bile is green in shading, however microscopic organisms in the huge gut act to change the bilirubin to substances that are earthy colored, which gives stool its trademark shading. A portion of the bilirubin is reabsorbed once again into the body through the entrail divider, in the end showing up in the pee as a substance called urobilinogen (despite the fact that the run of the mill yellow/orange shade of pee is in truth due an alternate color called urochrome). In this way, any disappointment of the bilirubin expulsion pathway will prompt a development of bilirubin in the blood. At the point when this happens the people skin turns yellow, causing jaundice. There are numerous conditions that could be related with jaundice, for example, An over the top breakdown of red platelets The harmony among production and breakdown of red cells is ordinarily accurately adjusted and equivalent however there are a few conditions wherein the pace of breakdown increments. In the event that the measure of bilirubin along these lines discharged surpasses the livers ability to evacuate it, at that point jaundice will create. The clinical term for unreasonable red cell breakdown is haemolysis, and inside the created world it is a genuinely uncommon condition. Jungle fever is anyway a significant reason in tropical atmospheres as the intestinal sickness parasites live inside the red cells and abbreviate their life. So also the condition wherein a hatchling creates haemolysis because of incongruence of its Rhesus blood bunch with that of its mom is presently seldom found in the UK where we routinely check for Rhesus antibodies in the moms blood. In parts of the existence where antenatal consideration isn't as acceptable haemolytic infection of the infant is considerably more typical. A brief jaundice of infants is anyway very normal, because of the overall youthfulness of the babys liver cells and the higher than ordinary pace of cell breakdown that happens in the initial hardly any long stretches of life. It improves quickly without treatment despite the fact that when too high it very well may be speeded up by presenting the child to bright light. Jaundice of the infant is normal person in untimely children as their liver is much more juvenile than an infant conceived at term. Immune system haemolytic iron deficiency is an uncommon infection wherein the bodys safe framework appears to assault the red cells. It as a rule influences grown-ups. Haemolysis can likewise be a reaction of certain medications, eg dapsone. Weakness of liver cell work The commonest cause is a viral contamination of the liver cells (hepatitis). Various kinds of contamination including glandular fever (mononucleosis) can likewise be answerable for this. Liquor misuse and ensuing scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) can cause noteworthy cell harm prompting jaundice. Different less normal conditions causing liver cell harm incorporate haemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin insufficiency and essential biliary cirrhosis. Tumors of the liver either essential liver malignant growths (emerging from the liver tissue itself) or all the more usually, the optional spread of a tumor from somewhere else in the body into the liver can prompt cell disappointment and jaundice. Blockage of the bile conduits This can happen because of variation from the norm inside or outside the channels. The commonest case of an interior blockage is a gallstone. Tumors of the bile conduit are uncommon yet on the off chance that huge enough, or arranged exactly where the bile channel meets the duodenum, at that point they can hinder the progression of bile. At this intersection point, known as the ampulla of Vater, the cylinder from the pancreas organ likewise joins to the duodenum. Malignancy of the pancreas will in general emerge in the piece of the pancreas closest to the ampulla of Vater, so is another possible reason for obstructive jaundice. Any outside organ or mass lying close by that turns out to be sufficiently enormous to push on the bile pipe could be dependable. Models incorporate swollen inward lymph organs, a growth (maybe of the pancreas) or scar tissue following a past disease or medical procedure. Indications of Jaundice, other than that of the jaundice itself, will identify with the basic reason. For instance somebody with haemolysis may likewise be weak and tired. On the off chance that a gallstone were capable there would most likely have been a previous history of agony in the mid-region. A malignant growth may be joined by weight reduction, etc. At the point when jaundice is because of check of the bile channel the individual will regularly see that their pee gets dull and stools become pale, as the abundance bilirubin overflows into the pee and no longer hues the stool. Obstructive jaundice is additionally regularly joined by serious tingling. The conclusion is made by acknowledgment of the patients appearance and going with side effects. A blood test will affirm the raised bilirubin level and different tests, for example, those for hepatitis and haemolysis are likewise done on the blood. Ultrasound is a decent method to review the liver and bile pipes for indications of hindrance, and regularly can give valuable data on the pancreas organ. CT filtering additionally analyze obstructive jaundice precisely. Treatment will rely on the analysis behind the side effect of jaundice. For instance, on the off chance that the issue is one of gallstones, at that point evacuation of the gallbladder might be required. Jaundice comes in a few different sorts, I will expound quickly about a portion of those sorts as follows: Neonatal jaundice is generally innocuous: this condition is frequently found in newborn children around the second day after birth, going on until day 8 in typical births, or to around day 14 in untimely births. Serum bilirubin typically drops to a low level with no intercession required: the jaundice is apparently an outcome of metabolic and physiological modifications after birth. In extraordinary cases, a cerebrum harming condition known as kernicterus can happen; there are worries that this condition has been ascending as of late because of deficient recognition and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Neonatal jaundice is a hazard factor for hearing misfortune. Embittered eye, It was once accepted people experiencing the ailment jaundice considered everything to be yellow. By augmentation, the embittered eye came to mean a partial view, as a rule rather negative or basic. Alexander Pope, in An Essay on Criticism (1711), composed: All appears to be tainted that the contaminated covert operative, As all looks yellow to the embittered eye. Additionally in the mid nineteenth century the English writer Lord Alfred Tennyson wrote in the sonnet Locksley Hall: So I triumphed ere my enthusiasm clearing thro me left me dry, left me with the palsied heart, and left me with an embittered eye. All in all, in the event that you or one of your companions or family me mbers presume that you may have jaundice, it is fundamental that you orchestrate to see your primary care physician all together that the hidden reason is distinguished and any conceivable trea

Mod a Essay Hsc

Dissect how Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? also, A Room of One’s Own innovatively depict people who challenge the set up estimations of their time. Writing is an assessment of the set up estimations of their time, a sign of the composer’s points of view in regards to key issues that portrayed their zeitgeist. This is apparent in Virginia Woolf’s polemical exposition, A Room of One’s Own (1929), in which she depicts male tension towards ladies during the post-WWI period.Similarly, Edward Albee’s 1962 mocking show, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf (Afraid) ventures a practically equivalent to dread of female strength, despite the fact that in post-WWII American culture. In a further correlation, the two arrangers center around the significance of riches in the public arena, where Woolf considers the noteworthiness of material security with respect to fiction writing in English society during the 1920s, while Albee reprimands materialistic qualities corresponding to social similarity in American culture in the 1960s.Since the late nineteenth century female testimonial development that enabled ladies, men dreaded being uprooted from their conventional places of power. Woolf passes on these built up male centric qualities through A Room of One’s Own, in her assessment of the phallocentric scholarly circle of the 1920s, where anyone could compose writing, â€Å"save they [were] not women†. The representative title features women’s requirement for material security as a pre-condition â€Å"to writ[ing] fiction†, contending that truly, men have denied ladies open doors for accomplishing financial equality.Woolf’s unexpected utilization of analogy strengthens her theory that â€Å"if just Mrs Seton †¦ had taken in the incredible craft of bringing in cash and had left their cash, similar to their dads †¦ to establish fellowships†. This features the recorded absence of inst ructive and budgetary open doors for ladies. Moreover, Woolf censures male centric qualities for regulating oppressive practices in English society. At the anecdotal â€Å"Oxbridge†, a Beadle shows that â€Å"this was the turf; there was the path†, representing the set up sex avoidance in the scholarly world. Her musings interfered with, she communicates frustration â€Å"as they had sent my little fish into hiding†.Through this allegory, Woolf infers that men’s â€Å"protection of their turf† denied ladies open doors for imagination, depicting an imbued relevant dread of female insight that was seen as infringing upon male predominance in each circle of try. Albee’s contemporary political parody, Afraid, likewise depicts male and female competition, fusing printed highlights, for example, extraordinary show and obtuse stage headings to pass on the furious sexual orientation struggle of his time. While the two writings were formed in post-wa r periods, Albee’s show brutally investigates the built up cultural estimations of unassuming community American culture in the 1960s.This is clear when Martha censures George as â€Å"a great†¦big†¦fat†¦FLOP! † incapable to ascend the departmental positions. The utilization of rough everyday language and forceful stage bearings complements her dissatisfaction as she â€Å"spits the word at George’s back†, reflecting Martha’s authority over him, which represents women’s developing impact in standard American culture during the 1960s. Moreover, Martha reviews the â€Å"boxing match we had† trying to embarrass him, a purposeful anecdote for the gendered power struggle.George responds adversely, and to recover prevalence, he â€Å"takes †¦ a short-barrelled shotgun †¦ points it at †¦ Martha †¦ [and] pulls the trigger†. Combined with this stage heading, Albee’s utilization of exclamatory ac centuation in George’s puerile point-scoring of â€Å"Pow! You’re dead! † connotes his urgency to recoup his manliness. Along these lines, Albee depicts the steady quarreling among George and Martha as an image of tension and dysfunctionality in America during the 1960s, portraying the national neurosis related with the Cold War and atomic warfare.Just as Woolf and Albee speak to the sex struggle in post-war social orders, they likewise scrutinize the riches imbalance and the covetousness of their time. While Woolf reasons that victimization ladies frequently kept them from composing fiction, she additionally thinks about that poor material conditions similarly constrained their commitment to writing. Using the modular action word to underline the significance of budgetary security, she communicates her dispute with respect to material needs that â€Å"a lady must have cash and her very own room in the event that she is to compose fiction†.The story of th e tailless feline is emblematic of the interruptions that intruded on ladies in their composition, in this way Woolf features the requirement for the protection of a room of one’s own so as to â€Å"think of things in themselves†. Moreover, she concludes that â€Å"500 pounds a year for ever †¦ appeared to be unendingly more important† than the testimonial development as it was progressively helpful for her composing fiction. Done working â€Å"like a slave†, Woolf’s metaphor features that â€Å"food, house, and garments are everlastingly mine†, mirroring the estimation of monetary security in English society in the 1920s.Thus, Woolf continues her proposition and features the significance of cash and protection, passing on the set up demeanor that a safe salary guaranteed inventive and scholarly opportunity in English society. On the other hand, Albee’s political moral story mirrors his analysis of the materialistic mores of Amer ican culture during the 1960s, depicting human shallowness in a sensational evaluation of the American Dream, a thought which has reverberated inside society since the establishing of America.It exemplifies a traditionalist national ethos that involved the chance of all inclusive success and the quest for joy for all, accordingly numerous people tried to expand their riches and economic wellbeing. This materialistic thought is passed on through Nick, who roughly gloats, â€Å"my wife’s got some money†. In describing Nick as the run of the mill shallow ‘jock’, Albee subverts this idea of the ‘self-made man’, performing a cruel part of the American Dream. Furthermore, Martha reprimands George’s compensation, reflecting the logical mentalities of white collar class America, when status was related with high pay levels.She jeers at George, exhorting him not â€Å"to squander great liquor†¦not on your salary†. Here, Marthaâ€℠¢s deriding tone catches her mistake as she â€Å"hope[s] that was a void bottle†. Be that as it may, the â€Å"empty bottle† likewise represents her gloom as George is just â€Å"on an Associate Professor’s salary†. This infers the social significance of salary however not at all like in Woolf’s society, where women’s monetary security may free innovativeness, here financial achievement fills in as a superficial point of interest inside the American Dream.Thus, writing, with its unmistakable structures and highlights, is affected by shifting settings, depicting comparative worries that upgrade our comprehension of the set up estimations of the time. Woolf’s questioning, A Room of One’s Own (1929), may contrast literarily and logically from Albee's Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf (1962), which depicts a savage assault on American qualities, however the two writings reflect male dread of ladies because of their developing impact in post war social orders. Moreover, they center around the significance of riches with respect to artistic imagination in English society during the 1920s and the acknowledgment of the American Dream during the 1960s.

Writing a Research Paper

Writing a Research PaperIt is normal to read and take notes on a research paper, but writing it will be more important. Writing in an easy to read manner with lots of diagrams and color will help the researcher to become successful in his/her work. The research paper will be easier to read for the students who will be working on it and also to the faculty members who will have to read it.Designing the research paper is very important because it should be organized and well planned in order to get effective usage from the student. It should be simple and convenient to write. However, the research paper has to be written according to the style of the researcher, because there are certain styles that are accepted by some of the universities, while there are others which are not. The first is the conventional and the second is the fluid style.There are four components to a research paper, which will help the student to organize his research. The first part of the research paper, the intr oduction, is always introductory. The introduction explains about the main idea or problem that has been studied and then the researcher introduces the method that has been used to study the subject matter.Next are the objectives of the study, the methodology, analysis and synthesis, the results and the conclusions. If it is about an agricultural study, then you will have to indicate the crops and the type of crop. After that you can indicate the amount of water required for irrigation and the amount of grass grown.Some papers will be long and some will not. The length will depend on the format that you use. In case you are going to use the computer and this is why the length of the research paper is not required, then it should be at least one page for each major topic.The next step for the research paper is to write the references, which are the footnotes. When you write the references in the end of the paper, you will have to indicate the bibliography. The references are usually indicated at the end of the research paper in the form of a bibliography.The last step is to write the conclusion and the introduction of the research paper, which is known as the final part. If the research paper has been accepted by the school, then it will be published and the research papers will be used as teaching materials. When writing the conclusion, you have to be able to tell about the importance of the conclusion in the article, which will help the student to understand it better.Writing a research paper is not easy and one should not do it easily. One has to practice writing the paper so that he/she will not make mistakes in the research paper. This will enable the researcher to be successful in his/her work.

The Doctrine Of The Existence Of God - 1470 Words

One of the most prevalent arguments for the existence of God is the moral argument. It states that God alone makes sense of moral values, and since moral values exist, then God exists. A great number of people nowadays, including atheists and agnostics, trust in moral values. However, they do not agree with the Christian answer to provide a basis for those values. For many years homosexuality has been a debate over acceptance but has been for the most part considered an immoral act based on religious beliefs and the obligation to obey God’s commandments. These views on homosexuality can relate to the Divine Command Theory because morality is dependent upon the actions God commands us to do. There is however controversy with the Divine Command Theory that argues that morality may not be what God says it is therefore, the basis of homosexuality being immoral and moral comes into question. Thus, when we debate homosexuality as moral or immoral, the last thing we need to say is that homosexuality is wrong because the Bible says so. But before we can go any further we must understand what a moral action is, a moral action is one that results in the maximization of both individual and collective happiness, freedom, and fulfillment without imposing unreasonable or unjustified costs upon third parties or the broader civilization (Kennon). Thus, Gay and Lesbian relationships are not morally wrong based off the concepts of morality and the weaknesses of the Divine Command Theory.Show MoreRelated`` Handbook Of Christian Apologetics `` Essay890 Words   |  4 PagesChristian teachings have been challenged by unbelievers since the beginning of history. Today, because the new discoveries of science, the existence of God has been doubted even more, and as a consequence, society has become more selfish, self-centered and self-existent. Questions such as, Does God actually exist? Is there any evidence of his existence? Is it Christianity the only true religion? hav e been asked by believers and unbelievers through the past centuries. Two philosophers from BostonRead MoreThe Between Essence And Existence871 Words   |  4 PagesAvicenna created a doctrine that discussed the real distinction between essence and existence. Avicenna’s concludes that existence is accidental to essence and he believed that essence was a priority over esse. In Avicenna’s reasoning essence exists in two different ways of being. First, essence can exist in reality as a concrete, singular instance. For example, a dog can exist in reality through the essence of Lassie the dog. Second, essence can exist through the mind as a universal. 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Evaluation Of The Calgary Police Service - 2048 Words

Introduction A self evaluation is a method for an individual to mark, or reflect on what they have learned about ones’ self through a questionnaire. It allows for individuals to identify their weaknesses, as well as strengths, and ways we can improve as an individual. It is important that individuals realize they are not perfect and make mistakes, but must learn how to overcome or increase their knowledge, and this is one of the methods to help identify them. Organizational Awareness Organizational awareness is considered to be a developmental competency. This competency is the ability to read political and social issues in organizations, teams, or communities. The Calgary Police Service is divided into sections based on your role. It†¦show more content†¦When arriving to a scene the officer may not have any idea what is too be actually expected when they arrive. Many agencies, including the Calgary Police Service, look for individuals who are able to adjust, or tailor their behaviours in order to find the best solution. Officers have to be willing to find new approaches to solutions and be open-minded since the job is essentially providing customer service. As adaptability being a competency, I believe flexibility works hand in hand. I would say flexibility is one of my strengths. During the ride alongs’ I had to be flexible and just go with the flow for that shift since I was constantly adapting to the calls, environment, and the officers. For e xample, even though I was just observing, one of the nights I had to switch officers during the middle of the shift. For the first part of the shift I was assigned with the patrol unit, where we were constantly going from call to call, and making traffic stops in between the calls. Approximately half way I was later assigned to ride with the Sergeant, this was a complete change since I went from going call to call, to now supervising, or managing the other officers. The Sgt. and I mainly drove around the city, but only listening to the calls coming in and telling officers to respond if necessary. I not only had to adjust to the new role I was observing, but also to a new personality, and environment. Since I was being flexible,

Globalization And Its Impact On Society - 1307 Words

Globalization is a phenomenon involving the integration of ideas circulating worldwide, connecting people from everywhere (Friedman). Globalization affects everything, but most importantly it impacts our own cultures. Culture is the way that groups of people act, believe, and live. This is crucial to life because without culture, we wouldn’t be unique. Cultures are linked together through globalization because globalization can spread cultures worldwide, altering them in the process. Globalization is something that has existed on throughout history, still in our everyday lives. To give some background, America embodies ideas of opportunity, freedom, and a land of promise. America promotes these values and ideas because it creates a strong and unified country. It even influences other territories to follow the successfulness of the U.S. acquiring freedom from Great Britain. 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Comments on Mona Lisa Smile Essay Sample free essay sample

The narrative took gait in 1953. when the 2nd women’s release bit by bit arisen. However. some educational establishment in American. expecially Wellesley College. the most conservative college in the state. still doggedly performed the mission that male society endowed: to cultivate adult females with both moral unity and professional competency. When Katherine Watson. a first –year instructor from Oakland State. who ever sought truth beyond tradition. got a place in the Art History section in Wellesley College. contradiction between her feminist idea and pupils under the influence of male jingoism was stirring. Most of pupils in Wellesley College were good educated with all right household background. They gave Katherine a cautiousness in the first category. In their head. the definition of success was to get married a good adult male and the function they born to make full was to be a good married woman. In this conservative state of affairs. Katherine tried to open her students’ head to make whatever they want. She encouraged her pupils to be themselves. to go professionals in field they loved. to better their economic hereafters. It seemed that she used her art learning as a vehicle to set across her sentiment to the immature adult females that adult females were non born to go homemakers and female parents. Katherine wanted to do a difference and make more things in life instead than entirely follow the functions of married womans and female parents. I can neer bury she showed her pupils carcase by Soutine 1925. and said. â€Å"There’s besides no text edition stating you what to think† . In those misss sentiment. the carcase can non be called art ; â€Å"there is something aggressive about it and erotic† . I asked myself. what is art? Can a conservative creative person go a successful creative person? I can neer bury. in one scene of the film. she showed her pupils four newspaper ads. and asked what future bookmans would believe of the thought that adult females were born to be homemakers and female parents. From her tearful eyes. I can see outrage. perplexity. and weakness. I can neer bury she introduced Van Gogh. who refused to conform his ideals to popular gustatory sensation. who refused to compromise his unity. to her backward-looking pupils. When Van Gogh alived. no 1 thought Sunflower was a art. but after his idioctonia. the Sunflower became world-famous. Katherine was merely like another Sunflower. who was resisted by standpatter. If she was non retentive plenty. she would be strangled. There was no uncertainty that Katherine’s ways of learning were contrary to school’s managers. who believed steadfastly that Katherine should merely learn art alternatively of utilizing category to distribute her point of position. The conservative headmistress warned Katherine she would lose her occupation if she non alter herselve to suit in Wellesley. There were legion unreasonable treaties in Katherine new contract. including â€Å"you can learn merely the course of study as outlined by the section ; all lesson programs must be submitted at the beginning of every term for approve and alteration ; you shall non supply advocate beyond her ain topic for any pupil at any clip ; you will agreee to keep a stricty professional relationship with all members of the faculty† . Katherine choosed to go forth finially. but her independent. creativity. adamancy. and loving bosom so made a difference. It was Katherine that helped pupils in Wellesley College agitate off the yoke of traditional Feudalism. I am happy to see that Betty marched toward her ain life courageously. and no thirster was in the charge of her female parent. Katherine lelt Wellesley College with smiling. which was so warm that affected many people. including me. Eight old ages ago. I have a good friend named Lucy. whose household ties ever made her somber. Her male parent had sweetheart ectad and hadly went place. When he return place. there must be a drastic war. Her hapless female parent ever grined and beared it. I had of all time asked Lucy’s female parent why she didn’t acquire a divorce. In fact. she could populate a happy life independently. She had a good occupation with high income and had no demand trusting on her hubby. She said she could bear any grudge every bit long as Lucy had a integrated famiy. When I was immature. I regarded her as a great female parent for her jet of forfeit. However. when I grew up small by small. I realized that her forfeit was meaningless. It is no good to hold a place which exists in name merely. It brought to kids merely agony instead than felicity. Lucy was driven to terrible depressive unwellness and barely pass on with any one. expecially her female parent. It was Lucy’s mother’s forfeit and patience that ruin Lucy and herself felicity. Last winter holiday. I visit Lucy and her female parent. Lucy had discontinued her surveies due to her depressive unwellness. although had of all time been a top pupil. Her female parent. who was of all time a beautiful adult females with professional competency. had lost occupation and became more decrepit than adult females in her group of age. How can a female parent. who ever inhibit her desire to seek happy life. convey up a mentally wellness kid? How can a kid cultivited a healthy head educated by a imbalanced and painful female parent? How can a individual who non loves herself loves others? How can a adult females who dares non be herself becomes succeful? In fact. the calamity is inevitable owing to Lucy’s Mother’s traditional idea. Womans are neer inferior compared with work forces. They are non appendage of work forces. although the narrative that Adam’s rib created Eve are still widely circulated. We have right to make what we want. to seek freedom. felicity. success. What we need is independent personality instead than blind patience. I don’t average being a homemaker was bad than being a able adult females or celebrated adult females. I merely hope that whatever pick we had made. we are ever loyal to our head. instead than other thing forces us to do determination. Like Joan. although she eventually gave up endeavor and chosen household. can we state she was wrong or unsuccessful? Everyone has right to chossen their ain route. Populate our lives by our ain definition. and this is life.

Dougy James Moloney Essay Example

Dougy James Moloney Essay How is the concept of change explored in your prescribed text DOUGY by James Moloney? Change is a process and refers to the act or instance of becoming different. Dougy, the protagonist in James Moloney’s novel Dougy, undergoes a personal transformation of character resulting in growth, maturity and resolution. Moloney employs a range of techniques to chart the natural and positive transition Dougy experiences. Dougy tells the story of an Aboriginal boy and his journey to a positive self-identity. It is set in a small contemporary Queensland town and recounts the racial tensions between the Aboriginal and the Anglo-Australian population. Resentment and ignorant attitudes result in a racial war, developing, rising and receeding within the parallel action of the flood. Within this framework we follow the personal changes Dougy undergoes as he adopts strategies to deal with the escalating violence and ensuing tragedy. Dougy experiences personal problems that leave him feeling worthless, hopeless and socially inadequate. The first person narrative structure means our understanding of Dougy is shaped from his perspective. Dougy does not introduce himself until chapter two and the use of truncated sentences and the language with negative connotations establishes his low self-esteem and the lack of identity, ‘My names Dougy. I’m nobody much. ‘Dougy is critical about his physique, academic ability and social skills, demonstrated through the personal voice and repetition of ‘I’ and the emotive use of ‘still’ – ‘I’m the tallest kid in the whole school but I don’t like that much†¦ I’ve always been skinny, specially my arms and legs’. We will write a custom essay sample on Dougy James Moloney specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dougy James Moloney specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dougy James Moloney specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Dougy exposes his poor academic ability through the repetition of negative connotations towards himself and his identity. – ‘I am not good at reading and righting eh! Not much good at anything. Me I stay here in town for school, Even though I just turned thirteen, I’m still in Grade six, still in primary school. ’’ Furthermore, Dougy adopts the derogatory language of the dominant white culture in relation to his race, reinforcing his lack of positive identity, ‘eh’, ‘Abo’ and ‘boong’. The use of colloquial language makes Dougy’s predicament more realistic while encouraging compassion from the reader. Dougy changes because of the position he is forced into as a result of the ‘war’ that breaks out between the blacks and whites. The natural elements, the heat and the river, serve as motifs for the rising and insidious racial tension simmering under the town’s surface, climaxing when a race war begins, as the river floods and submerges the town. He is forced to make decisions and act as a consequence he learns about himself and his Aboriginality. As the conflict between the whites and blacks escalate, it is entwined with the precarious flood that draws near to the hall where Dougy, Gracey and Raymond are trapped in. Dougy is forced in a position where he put his unknown strategic abilities into needed use as the river is steadily arising threatening to drown them. Dougy’s swift thinking during the catastrophe saves the lives of his siblings, consequently active in developing positive feelings of self-worth and identity. As the devastation unfolds, Dougy’s certainty of the Moodagudda’s presence around Gracie is treated with respect as the recount during the crisis turned out to be the truth. By the novel’s end Dougy has undergone a positive personal change. Moloney uses contrast as a key technique to shape our understanding of his transformation to a positive sense of self, value and identity. Dougy’s positive manner is publicized through decision makings towards his mother and principle, serving as a positive alteration within his sense of self. Dougy is fuelled with confidence and inspiration,’ But I said straight out,’’ Mum, I’m old enough. And I’m big enough. I want to be in high school. ’ Dougy’s self-value has been altered through his social acceptance and belongingness amongst the town’s people. ’’ I told people about seeing the Moodagudda and how it grabbed Gracie†¦and I knew most of them believed me. Some even came back for me to tell the story over and over again and they weren’t making fun of me like they used to do with some of the old blokes who told the story. â €™â€™ The acceptance from his fellow people constructs a stronger connection with his Aboriginal culture and identity, ceasing the negative connotations towards his born identity. ’ So now I’m in high school after all. And at this school, there’s a mob that do the old dreamtime dances†¦ when they heard about Gracey and me and the Moodagudda, they asked me to join. ‘’ Serving as a contrast with his earlier ignorance and suggest he will perpetuate his culture through this tradition. Therefore, change can be a positive process that occurs naturally, leading to a real sense of identity and value as evidenced in the character and novel of the same name, Dougy by James Moloney.

The Effects of PTSD on Families of Veterans

The Effects of PTSD on Families of Veterans Introduction Posttraumatic stress disorder refers to an extreme anxiety disorder, which erupts from exposure to an event that leads to psychological trauma (Kato et al, 2006, p.23). This event may include death threats, physical threats or threats towards one’s sexual, emotional or psychological integrity, which may affect an individual’s ability to sustain pressure.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of PTSD on Families of Veterans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the key symptoms of PTSD include increased arousal that results in difficulties in getting sleep, flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, uncontrollable thoughts on an occurrence and stimuli (Kato et al, 2006, p.28). Studies have revealed that symptoms of PTSD that are experienced by veterans may affect their families negatively. They also show that relationships may serve to either improve or make worse the symptoms that PTS D victims experience (Kato et al, 2006, p.29). PTSD has severe effects on the family of veterans because of its consequences that include depression, avoidance, anger and guilt, sympathy and drug abuse. Discussion PTSD related research has indicated that veterans experience marital problems, violence within the family set up, distressed partners and behavior problems among children (Little, 2011). This is because families will definitely respond to the reality of the person they love who has suffered a trauma. Symptoms related to trauma make it difficult for someone to get along with people and may result in withdrawal from families or may turn to violence. Lack of emotional connection or lack of sexual interest with spouses may lead to difficulties in relationships (Little, 2011). Some of these individuals develop limited interest to family activities they took pleasure in before. Families of veterans always sympathize with the suffering that that they undergo through because of PT SD. Family members sympathize with the loved one for what they are experiencing (Little, 2011). The loved one can be sure that there are people who will take care of him/her and feels sorry for what one has to go through. To some extent though, this kind of sympathy can lead to lowered expectations, which may leave the traumatized loved one feeling as if the family assumes that they are not strong enough to pull through the ordeal by themselves. It is advisable not to treat them as if they are totally disabled as this may push them to seclude themselves. However, with the right kind of care and support, they can eventually feel better.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Depression is another problem that results from effects of PTSD. It mostly appears in family members if the person afflicted by PTSD elicits feelings of either loss or pain, or other emotions that hurt. Depress ion in family members can be ascribed to the experience of a traumatic event. Knowledge of a loved one enduring such a difficult time, may lead to intense feelings of hopelessness, helplessness and impending doom (Little, 2011). Depression tends to vary from individual to individual, but there are common signs and symptoms, which could be part of the normal life lows. Avoidance is a common effect of PTSD that involves evading situations that bring back memories of a traumatic event or occurrence. Family members of the traumatized individual are often fearful of examining and analyzing the traumatic event, just as trauma survivors fear to address whatever happened to them, that was the result of their current situation (Little, 2011). Whatever the traumatized loved one may avoid, the family members may choose to avoid too, sparing the individual further pain or their reaction to the same. This kind of avoidance may lead to abandonment of regular family activities, thus leading to int ernal friction and frustrations. A potential solution to the problem is to get them engage in social activities, unless they are not willing to (Little, 2011). At times, they may e afraid of the safety of other family members. During such instances, family members should not engage in social activities and at that level, it is good to seek professional help immediately. Anger is an aftermath of PTSD because family members may feel guilty because of their inability to improve the situation of the suffering member by making them happy. The survivor’s family may harbor anger feelings towards the person or party they hold responsible for the experience of their loved one (Little, 2011). In some cases where the traumatized individual does not stop to dwell on the traumatic event or exhibits funny behavior, the family may also feel anger towards the traumatized individual. In addition, anger may result from the inability of the suffering individual to keep a job or engagement in de structive behaviors such as alcoholism (Little, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of PTSD on Families of Veterans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The suffering member’s irritability may also result in anger and guilt in other family members. Family members should learn to overcome the guilt and anger because they are not the cause of the suffering and should focus on helping the suffering family member. Drug abuse may result from the inadequacies in the coping abilities of family members as they try to come into terms with the suffering of their fellow family member. They result to drug abuse because the suffering of the family member is too much for them to handle. The whole family, especially the trauma survivor, may exhibit this response. Drugs and substance abuse is common as a response to trauma related stress experienced by the family (National Center for PTSD, 2010). Amongst children, behavioral problems at school are a common thing. Post-traumatic stress disorder can strain mental and emotional wellbeing of the traumatized individual’s family, loved ones or care givers to significant levels (National Center for PTSD, 2010). To a family, the trauma survivor may look a different person before the trauma due to changes such as increased irritability, depression and withdrawal. Most family members also develop certain behavioral problems such as excessive intake of alcohol, smoking and lack of exercise (National Center for PTSD, 2010). These habits get worse as they try to cope with the great suffering of their loved one Conclusion In a family, if a loved one has PTSD, members may feel guilty of their inability to fix the loved one or even speed up the individual’s recovery process. In order for the family to take care of themselves and the traumatized loved one, it is critical for the whole family to prioritize their mental health through exercise, r est and eating right (National Center for PTSD, 2010).Early treatment is better, for the symptoms can at times get worse as well as change family life. PTSD symptoms often get in the path of family life in setups that have individuals experiencing trauma. The PTSD symptoms can worsen the physical health of a trauma survivor. Treatment administered to traumatized individuals, helps them in overcoming the ordeal. Treatment is also accredited with restitution of control senses and the memory holding power of the nightmare in the individual’s life. An important aspect in prevention and handling of PTSD is social support. Every family member should be responsible for personal welfare as well as the well being of the member suffering from PTSD. Family members should avoid being too concerned with the suffering member because they may end up neglecting themselves (National Center for PTSD, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Kato, N., Kawata, M., and Pitman, R. (2006). PTSD: Brain Mechanisms and Clinical Complications. New York: Springer. Little, S. (2011). How PTSD Affects Families of Veterans. Retrieved from  http://lowvarates.com/va-loan-blog/how-ptsd-affects-families-of-veterans/ National Center for PTSD: Effects of PTSD on Family. (2010). Retrieved from  https://www.ptsd.va.gov/

Total and partial loss Marine Insurance Act 1906 Essay

Total and partial loss Marine Insurance Act 1906 - Essay Example Britain is the mistress of the seas, and its history is inextricably linked with the mastery of seamanship. The empire and its commerce were built upon transoceanic mercantilism, for which reason the UK has developed a relatively stable marine insurance law. Being well aware of the perils of the sea and the risks it poses to oceangoing vessels bearing valuable cargo, the development of marine insurance against losses due to oceanic misadventures is a natural development for a country like the UK. This paper shall treat specifically on the nature and types of losses that may be covered by marine insurance under the Marine Insurance Act 1906, and apply the provisions and jurisprudence concerning actual and constructive total loss to the case of Masefield AG (Insured) v Amlin Corporate Member Ltd (Insurer). The intention is to draw insight about the type of losses which marine insurance may or may not cover in the case of losses due to piracy. Marine Insurance Act 1906 s 56 The Marine I nsurance Act 1906 is a codification of the law of marine insurance as it existed at the turn of the century.2 It defines a contract of insurance as ‘a contract whereby the insurer undertakes to indemnify the assured in manner and to the extent thereby agreed, against marine losses, that is to say, the losses incident to marine adventure.’... (4)Where the assured brings an action for a total loss and the evidence proves only a partial loss, he may, unless the policy otherwise provides, recover for a partial loss. (5)Where goods reach their destination in specie, but by reason of obliteration of marks, or otherwise, they are incapable of identification, the loss, if any, is partial, and not total.’ 6 Actual total loss. From this enumeration, the kinds of losses which may be claimed against insurance are actual total loss, constructive total loss, and partial loss. Actual total loss is described in section 57, constructive total loss in section 60, and partial loss which is covered under sections 64 to 66, all under the Marine Insurance Act 1906. The Marine Insurance Act 1906, similar to common law, recognises only two principal kinds of loss – total loss and partial loss, pursuant to section 56 (1) and (2) of the Act. Actual total loss is defined in section 57 (1) as follows: ‘Where the subject-matter i nsured is destroyed, or so damaged as to cease to be a thing of the kind insured, or where the assured is irretrievably deprived thereof, there is an actual total loss.’7 This pertains to any subject matter insured, such as ship, cargo or freight. The first and last parts of section 57 originated from the observation by Lord Abinger made in Roux v Salvador,8 which constituted the basis of marine insurance was articulated in this manner: ‘The underwriter engages, that the object of the assurance shall arrive in safety at its destined termination. If, in the progress of the voyage, it becomes totally destroyed or annihilated, or if it be placed, by reason of the peril

Greece defaulting on its payments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Greece defaulting on its payments - Essay Example They asked for help from European countries and the IMF for the release of the appropriate kind of the funds. This was done to avoid the defaulting on the debts. The connivance of this cross was at the top of the agenda for most of the nations. This threatened to spread to the other nations of the Euro zone, like that of Italy and Spain (Shumway, 2004). Greece has been at the centre of the costs of the Euro zone. It has accumulated one of the highest levels of the public debt. It has also got one of the largest amounts of the deficit in the budget. This is one of the qualities of the budget and as been at the forefront of the financial pressures. It was the first member to ask for the assistance from the other Euro zone members for the financial assistance. This has been the status of the development of the diverse form of the response to the debt. There have a been a lot of initiatives on the part of the IMF( International Monetary Fund),the European officials, the ECB( European Cen tral Bank) and the officials at the Euro zone have bee trying to alleviate the levels of the financial crisis, by undertaking a number of steps. At the persuasion of the various European leaders, the holders of the Greek bonds have been read to do be sold the off at lower prices to ease the pressure on the Greek economy. The way that the things are progressing, Greece could be the first economically advanced country in the world to default on payments. The developments of Greece are of interest to the whole world as the crisis has chances of â€Å"spilling over â€Å"the other economies. This shall impact the functional aspects of many countries over a sustained period. The Greece government has a long history of the public dent. Since the independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1832, the economy is in default. The economists have been pointing to a number of the factors that have affected this kind of the change, the main among them being the extreme levels of the control of the state economy, the public administration in a very bad shape, the tax evasion is at the highest levels in the recent times and the large degree of the political clienteles have been the primary factors causing the problem. The large scale flow of the capital at the low rates in 2000 and the economic crisis of 2008-2009 further increased the problems. These have been one of the main reasons for exacting this inflexion point. BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM The preparation of the Euro as the national currency was preceded by a number of the specific factors. One of the primary factors was the fact that the costs of the borrowing dropped in a very dramatic manner. The use of the different kind of the resources was established for the dropping of the rates of the bond. This had a great impact on the complete process of the development of the economy. There was a thought process that the convergence would be high among the different members. This was re-iterated by the different countries whil e going the Euro zone (Korablev, 2010). The new kinds of the leverage on the payment of the taxes were not used for the level of the government funding. The qualities of the important were not increased; the amount of the public spending was increased. This led to an increase of the amount of the deficit, causing the rise of the problems. This had an impact on the different kinds of the government processes. The

David M’Naughten Essay Example for Free

David M’Naughten Essay David M’Naughten hails from Scotland. He earn his living by being a wood cutter. He hardly can make both ends meet and develop hatred to the Prime Minister of Great Britain in the year 1843. To M’Naughten, the Prime Minister was the cause of his personal and financial sufferings due to the failure of the former to run the British government well. In an attempt to get even with the Prime Minister, M’Naughten attempted to kill the leader. M’Naughten was not successful because his ploy was thwarted by the secretary of the Prime Minister and instead killed the secretary and afterwards attempted to murder the Prime Minister. During the trial, nine witnesses testified that M’Naughten was an insane and the jury acquitted him, finding him â€Å" not guilty by reason of insanity † ( pbs. org. n. d. The Right/Wrong M’Naughten Test†. Paragraph 1) Reporter Bill Mears of CNN Washington in 2006 reported â€Å"There was little doubt that Eric Clark, then 17, shot and killed a police officer six years ago in Flagstaff, Arizona. And prosecutors and defense attorneys agreed that the killer had some degree of mental illness he was a diagnosed paranoid schizophrenic who believed he was being constantly watched by aliens from outer space†. â€Å"Teen shot and killed police officer he thought was an alien†, 1st paragraph). Eric Clark believe that the police who accosted him was an alien from outer space who came here to get him, and so, Eric shot and killed him. Eric was found guilty of first degree murder three years after the fatal shooting. Eric defense lawyers entered a plea of not guilty due to insanity. It took three years of deliberation by Arizona court whether Erick will be jailed or sent to mental rehabilitation center while serving the sentence. The court Arizona court ruled Eric to languish in jail for life. Based from the two court decisions just mentioned, it appears that there is sort of disagreement among the different U. S. legal courts as to the legal definition of insanity and its acceptance as legal defense in court. This essay will trace the development of insanity as legal defense from its origin up to what it is in today’s legal battle. Evolution of insanity defense As early as 1581, insanity defense has been well considered in Anglo-American law and a legal treatise was enacted saying that â€Å"If a madman or a natural fool, or a lunatic in the time of his unacy do [kill a man], this is no felonious act for they cannot be said to have any understanding will â€Å" ( pbs. org. n. d. â€Å"A Brief History of Insanity Defense†, paragraph 3 ). There was no available record of court proceeding from the date of treatise enactment up to 17th century. Three hundred years later, the British court elaborated the treatise and gave rise to the â€Å"wild beast test† ( 4th paragraph ) which emphasized that â€Å"If a defendant was so bereft of sanity that he understood the ramifications of his behavior no more than in an infant, a brute, or a wild beast, he would not be eld responsible for his crimes ( 4th paragraph). In other words, if the defendant lacks sanity and cannot comprehend the outcome of what he did, as his ( defendant) mind is that of infant or a wild animal, then the defendant is not liable for the crime committed. The codification of this British â€Å" wild beast test† was put at stake in 1843, in the case of David M’Naughten as outlined in our introduction. Queen Victoria was not impressed with the decision of the court and requested a review of the case with a panel of judges. The resulting decision was â€Å"that a defendant should not be eld responsible for his actions if he could not tell that his actions were wrong at the time he committed them â€Å" (The Right/Wrong M’Naughten Test†. Paragraph 3). This was also mentioned in the research of Chiacchia ( 2001) and law. jrank org. n. d. ) This became the basis of the insanity defense in England and adopted by American courts and legislatures for more than 100 years without any modification. Up to 1998, 25 states including the District of Columbia adopted this Right/Wrong M’Naughten Test†. According to legal critics, the M’Naughten test has one major rawback. While the rule focus on the ability to distinguish right from wrong (which is cognitive in nature), it failed to consider the unstoppable desire that was the dominant feeling before and during the consummation of the crime. This resulted to modification of the M’Naughten rule by adding a provision called irresistible impulse ( â€Å"Irresistible impulse†, 1st paragraph). The added provision in effect will absolve a defendant who can distinguish between right and wrong but unable to stop the crime due to his uncontrollable desire to consummate it to get even with the victim. A number of tates adopted the M’Naughten modification and coined another name as â€Å" policemen in the elbow test† (1st paragraph). The name clearly highlight the intense desire to consummate the crime as even if there is police authority around to witness, the defendant will do it. In 1950, advances in psychiatry and psychology as a science was very noticeable. In the light of the advances, legal critics saw the M’Naughten rule as too rigid and antiquated. In 1954, an appellate court discarded the M’Naughten and â€Å" irresistible impulse â€Å" test in favor of a more scientific and medically based insanity test. This became the basis of the Durnham â€Å" Mental Defect† rule. In Durnham v. United States, The U. S. Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia ruled that a defendant is not guilty † if his unlawful act was the product of mental disease or mental defect. (â€Å" The rise and fall of the Durnham â€Å"Mental Defect† rule, 1st paragraph). The decision was considered as within the demand of the times and a major breakthrough in American legal system as it exemplify the replacement of moral considerations with a more neutral and scientific evidences reflective of the advances of psychiatry and psychology ( â€Å" The rise and fall of the Durnham Mental Defect† rule). Legal experts claim that the Durnham rule is vague and difficult to apply. According to the experts, the term â€Å"mental defect† is very broad and they were concerned that due to its vagueness, more and more defendants will be acquitted than before. The confusion arises over the interpretation of â€Å" mental disease or defect† clause. Will mental defect mean only psychosis or any of the minor mental disorder found in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM). Critics were concerned of the possibility that defendants will use alcoholism and other ental disorder with antisocial behavioral symptoms as defense of their crimes. Also, it is not clear where the burden of proof is; that is whether it’s up for the court to determine the mental defect or the burden lies with the defendant and the psychiatrist as professional witness. Another disagreement is that the Durham test inadvertently grant too much influence to the psychiatrist and psychologist as to the result of the court trial. Twenty two states rejected the Durham test in 1972 and a panel of judges considered the Model Penal Code Test of the American Law Institute ( A. L. I. as eplacement (pbs. org. n. d. ). The A. L. I. standard is intended to soften the M’Naughten with the â€Å"irresistible impulse† by introduction of medical and psychiatric evidence requirement. The A. L. I. standard, rule â€Å"that a defendant will not be held criminally responsible if at the time of the behavior in question as a result of a mental disease or defect, he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of the law. (pbs. org. n. d.  A Brief History of Insanity Defense, â€Å"The A. L. I. Standard†, 1st paragraph). In ddition to requiring the defendant to show proof that at the time of the consummation of the crime, there is absolutely no understanding as to the nature of the act ( as in M’Naughten test), a certification from a psychiatrist or psychologist is needed to attest to the fact that the defendant lack â€Å" substantial capacity† ( paragraph 2, line 4 ) to understand the right f rom wrong together with the irresistible impulse consideration. Under the A. L. I. tandard, the act of serial killers whose mental defect manifests only during the act of killing and shows normal mental behavior before and after he consummation of the act can lead to his/her conviction. In 1998, 22 states used the A. L. I. rule while 26 used the M’Naughten version regardless of the irresistible impulse clause. It is also provided in the A. L. I. standard, the provision for due process and equal protection concerns for those who were acquitted by reason of insanity for automatic and indefinite confinement to assess and treat their mental disorder and check their dangerousness potential to society periodically. If found during the evaluation that further confinement is no longer needed, then the defendant can be eleased. By early 1980’s all state legislatures except for 10 has reformed their laws incorporating the provision for periodic review. In 1981, a test for stability of the A. L. I. standard ensued. John Hinckley, Jr. , a Washington police officer and secret service agent shot then U. S. President Ronald Reagan and his press secretary James Brady. Hinckley claimed during the trial the following: that he was trying to impress the actress Jodie Foster, with whom he was infatuated. He later described the incident in a letter to The New York Times as the greatest love offering in the history of the world. At one time Miss Foster was a star and I was the insignificant fan. Now everything is changed. I am Napoleon and she is Josephine. I am Romeo and she is Juliet (pbs. org. n. d. A Brief History of Insanity Defense, â€Å"After Hinckley† , 1st paragraph). Hinckley was acquitted by the jury of 13 assault, murder and weapon counts and moreover, ruling him not guilty by reason of insanity. This resulted to a great American public uproar that call for thorough review of the insanity defense strategy and plugging loopholes in the justice system that allows an obviously guilty man to escape punishment. Senator Dan Quayle claimed that the insanity efense allowed pampering of criminals by allowing them to kill without conscience. The psychiatric and legal professional group called for the modification instead of total abolition of the insanity defense resulting to legislation called â€Å" The Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984† ( 3rd paragraph). The act is a stricter version of the M’Naughten rule. The Cornell University Law School in 2006 released the following information related to a more stricter version ( article 17, Insanity defense, U. S. Code Collection, 1st paragraph) (a) Affirmative Defense. — It is an affirmative defense to a prosecution under any Federal statute that, at the time of the commission of the acts constituting the offense, the defendant, as a result of a severe mental disease or defect, was unable to appreciate the nature and quality or the wrongfulness of his acts. Mental disease or defect does not otherwise constitute a defense. (b) Burden of Proof. — The defendant has the burden of proving the defense of insanity by clear and convincing evidence The burden of proof now is with the defendant and not with the prosecution. The defendant in order to qualify for the insanity defense must show proof that the disorder is severe. The volitional test that excused a defendant who lacked the capacity to fight the â€Å" irresistible impulse† was eliminated, in effect going back to the M’Naughten â€Å" right/wrong â€Å" standard of the 19th century. The influence of psychiatric testimony was effectively limited and more stricter procedure on hospitalization and release of those acquitted was put into effect. Thirty states adopted â€Å"The Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984 † while the three states of Montana, Utah and Idaho abolished completely the insanity defense strategy. In the year 2000, a provision to â€Å"The Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984 † was enacted nd 20 states instituted it. The provision is called â€Å" Guilty But Mentally Ill â€Å" or GBRI ( Chiacchia. 2006. Insanity defense, â€Å" Guilty but mentally ill†, 1st paragraph, line 2. ). Under the GBRI, the defendant can be sentenced guilty although he is legally insane. The convicted will be jailed and his mental illness will be checked by the government periodically. The criticism of GBRI lies on the fact that very few jail institution can actually look at the mental state of the convicted insane. Examining the success of using the insanity defense in this modern time, Chiacchia ( 2001 ) eported ( â€Å" Insanity defense statistics, 2nd paragraph) that: Successful NGRI defenses are rare. While rates vary from state to state, on average less than one defendant in 100-0. 85 percent-actually raises the insanity defense nationwide. Interestingly, states with higher rates of NGRI defenses tend to have lower success rates for NGRI defenses; the percentage of all defendants found NGRI is fairly constant, at around 0. 26 percent It shows from the statistics that the chances of acquittal using the insanity defense is very slim, considering that practically every loop hole in the American jurisprudence has been effectively ealed with the adoption of â€Å"Guilty But Mentally Ill† provision. Summary and Conclusion It is now a known fact that the insanity defense dates back in 17th century in Great Britain with the acquittal of David M’Naughten. The M’Naughten Right/Wrong Test underwent five modifications from 17th century up to the present time. A number of celebrated cases involving rich families and big political figures as victims in the past three centuries resulted to acquittal of the defendants in the light of the different legal interpretation of insanity defense among states. The acquittal of John Hinckley, Jr. who shot then U.  S. President Reagan and killed his press secretary in 1981 was the strong force that caused widespread public clamor for reviewing and unification of interpretation of the insanity defense strategy. At present, all states except for three ( Montana, Utah and Idaho which scrapped the insanity defense in its entirety) enacted the M’Naughten rule with modifications centered on the burden of insanity proof on the defendant. Twenty states enacted â€Å"The Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984 † with provision for Guilty But Mentally Ill, shutting the loopholes.

The Black Counter-Culture in We Real Cool by Gwendolyn Brooks Essay

The Black Counter-Culture in "We Real Cool" by Gwendolyn Brooks After reading the poem "We Real Cool," by Gwendolyn Brooks, most people think that Brooks is making an ironic statement. Most will read the poem and think that Brooks is being sarcastic by using simple language and in the end asserting that the seven pool players will die soon, or more broadly that all who speak in this manner will die soon. No doubt some people will see Brooks' statement "We/Left school" as the beginning of her disapproval of a lack of an education, and that the lines of the poem represent the thoughts or statements of the pool players. I disagree. There are too many other factors in and around the poem for Brooks to merely be writing a sarcastic poem about? whom? What Brooks is saying through the speaker of the poem is that Blacks in America are at the fledgling stage of finding their own voice, and they are willing to do anything, even die, in order to be heard and noticed. First of all, Brooks is an African-American individual. She was born in 1917 and would have been discriminated against in Topeka where she was born, and even in Chicago where she grew up and went to school. She lived to see the effects of the ever-increasing freedom of the African-American people, and experienced it firsthand. After Brown vs. The Board Of Education of Topeka Kansas and the end of World War Two, Blacks were embarking on a new journey. They had come from slavery to separate-but-equal, but now the new problem for blacks was identity. What is an ideal black man? What does an African American stand for--or against for that matter? We are, but who are we? These are only a sample of the questions expressed through the action of the poem, and its exposition in t... ... and especially money are not given up easily. In conclusion, the author uses other devices to help point the way to understanding. For one thing, she uses repetition in the word "We" to emphasize the separate nature of the group. But, repetition also emphasizes rhythm in the poem?s reading. When one reads the poem, the "We" should be emphasized as its own separate syllable, when it is at the end of a line. And speaking of rhythm, the poem also exhibits a unique rhythm that goes against the convention of stressed and unstressed syllables. In the poem, the words are stressed syllables and the unstressed syllables come with the periods and at the end of the lines. And so the poem itself is a statement by Brooks that the African American voice is coming into being. It is counter-culture, counter-convention, and it is steadfast to the death of all who hearken to it.

How effectively the authors of your chosen texts explore

Parent/Child relationships are widely portrayed in the two novels, Mister Pip by Lloyd Jones and Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time by Mark Haddon. The authors both explore and portray the relationships between the main characters and a parental role differently in relation to the other despite them both being from opposite sides of the world, as well as the story being set in different time periods. In Mister Pip, its Matilda a young black girl from the island of Papua New Guinea with her mother Dolores and in The Curious Incident.. ts Christopher, a young boy with Aspergers Syndrome from Swindon along with father Ed Boone. The children on the island in Mister Pip are made to look inferior to the adults earlier on in the novel. Despite being a norm or value, the children in Mister Pip are made to abide all the rules that are set by the adults which often makes them feel less important than the adults. This is established early in the first few pages of the novel â€Å"We weren't worthy of that. It was as if we didn't exist† (page 3). Although its the norm in most cultures and societies that the children are raised to respect the elder peers, follow the rules set by them and inherit their general knowlegde, its seems that both the children and their parents are intellectually equal despite the difference in age and observation. â€Å"When our ancestors saw the first whit guy they thought they were looking at ghosts.. † (Page 5) This shows the intellectual relationship between the children and their parents who mainly base their knowledge of what they've observed forcing the children to believe it word for word. However, Christopher in the Curious Incident of The Dog in the Night Time, does not consider the adults superior in the novel when he is being shouted at by Mrs Shears for being on her lawn and holding the corpse of the dog Wellington he just ignored her. â€Å"The policeman took hold of my arm and lifted me onto my feet. I didn't like him touching me like this. And this is where I hit him. † (Page 9). Christopher lashes out in the way he believed to be right rather than the way he was aised to deal with these types of situations which suggests that besides his syndrome, there have been a lack of trust between Christopher and his dad during his upbringing that Christopher felt he didn't have to stick by the rules enforced: in this case, â€Å"you know its wrong to hit a policeman† (Page 22). In Mister Pip, the relationship between Matilda and her mother Dolores is very complicated, they come into conflict over the book â€Å"Great Expectations† when Matilda tries to tell her mum Dolores about how much she enjoyed the book. Lloyd Jones portrays Dolores as a strict Christian who is a very proud woman however is embarrassed to tell Matilda her daughter, of her age. So when Matilda tries to tell her mum about the book Dolores goes against the story by saying its immoral causing the two characters to drift further apart. â€Å"She must have anticipated this because she used her softer voice, the one she used the night before Great Expectations came between us† (Page 36) Matilda quotes as she realises anything regarding Great Expectations angers her mother. This then leads to conflict with Mr Watts, the teacher which Dolores shows a lack of respect by calling him Pop-Eye (the nickname the children had developed for Mr. Watts). The contention then begins to grow between Dolores and Mr. Watts when Dolores visits the school to preach about religious faith. As the conflict grows, it seems that Matilda is being forced into thinking two different ways of life. â€Å"The same space had come to exist between Mr. Watts and my mum. And I knew I would have to choose between the two† (Page 40) shows Lloyd Jones uses the intellectual conflict between the adults to highlight how this happens regular between parents which often impacts on the child and what they will be like growing up. On the other hand, in The Curious Incident†¦ Christopher's relationship with his father is jeopardised after he finds out that his father lied to him about his mothers death. Father said that he didn't know what kind of heart attack she had and now wasn't the moment to be asking questions like that† (Page 36) This particular event in the story changes the dynamics of the novel, tension and the relationship with his father as he wanted to know what had happened to his mother. The problem resulted to Christopher taking independence within his own life on his journey to London to find his mother, then becoming very close again in the latter part of the novel; While he realises the reality of life that his parents never allowed him to understand. Mark Haddon uses the syndrome of Christopher to emphasise how eager he is to be self reliant, this separates the characters because that's what Christopher tries to achieve although he is not in a self reliant position due to his condition and age. The Bond between Matilda and her real father can be described as non-existent throughout majority of the novel up until towards the end when he returns from the mines. Matilda considers Mr Watts as her main male figure for majority of the novel and even when her father does come back she continues to accept that Mr Watts (Pop-eye) is the â€Å"father† in her life. This was considered another reason why Mr watts and Dolores have a lot of conflict when it comes to Matilda. In Curious Incident, at first the bond between Christopher and his father is very strong. It is so strong you they had more than a family bond, they also had a good reliant friendship. In both the curious incident and mister pip the adults/ parental figures are secretive when it comes to telling the children in the two novels the truth about certain incidents. The children in Mister Pip are not told about what is going on in the war and are kept from finding out the truth, which gives the indication that just like in today's society the children are being protected from the truth about current affairs in the world because of their age and innocence. Christopher in The Curious incident is kept from finding out the truth of his parents split up, even though he is not a child and is in his teens the parents feel that he would not fully understand the reasons for them splitting up which would give us the impression that there is trust issues between Christopher and his parents. The authors used different techniques to explore the child and adult relationships, despite of the circumstances each main character was facing and/or due to the lack of a biological parent. In regards to the question, the authors explore the relationships well as both Mark Haddon and Lloyd Jones use their novels to define trends in relationships throughout different places and era and how that can affect them in the long-term. Despite also defining that both parents and children within the novels are equally reliant on one an other.

Analysis Of James Joyce s Araby - 1437 Words

In the former portion of the twenty century tensions across Europe were very tense until the assassination of Franz Ferdinand’s. The assassination caused World War 1 to break out and the way the war was fought was different than any war fought before it, trench warfare and the function of gas changed warfare greatly. During this time, many writers were going to write in the configuration that is nowadays recognized as the modernism which argues that life’s existence is subjective, people are not rational in thinking reality is built through personal experience. One of these writers was James Joyce, who was from a lower middle class in Dublin, Ireland. In his little story â€Å"Araby† Joyce shows us that at the time period that reality is†¦show more content†¦Many peoples views of sin and evil are very different based on how they have been taught or come to ascertain out. The new boy then runs on to accept his first experience with honey with his f riend â€Å"Mangan’s† sister. The son is convinced she is his love, â€Å"She was waiting for us,† â€Å"I had never talked to her, except for a few casual words, and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood.† He thinks of her at all times of the daylight, and totally loses his focus on all other matters. This girl is his pure love that he protects from all evil intentions. â€Å"Her image accompanied me even in places the most hostile to romance.† â€Å"I opined that I bore my chalice safely through a multitude of foes.† The young boy may very well be in honey with the girl, but he must sweep over many great obstacles to be by her side with himself being one of those many obstacles. Though he regards himself as a big soul that isn’t like anyone else he is willing to answer anything for his love the audience and possibly the girl (but strange how she really understands him) attend him for who he really is. He is li ke everyone else, whether he want to admit it or not he is like everyone else. The boy and girl are supposed to be thought of as pure and innocent early on in the story. After a few scenes into the story you soon learn that it is not the case but rather the exactShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby846 Words   |  4 Pagesup so high. In James Joyce’s short story â€Å"Araby† he uses the voice of a young boy as a narrator and describes his childhood growing up in Dublin. Joyce concentrates on description of character’s feeling rather than on plot to reveal the ironies inherent in self-deception. The story focuses on the disappointment, and enlightenment of the young boy and the gap between ideality and reality which I believe it is a retrospective of Joyce’s look back at life. On the simplest level, â€Å"Araby† is a story aboutRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 1336 Words   |  6 Pagesand derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger.† Araby is a short story centering on an Irish adolescence boy emerging from boyhood fanaticizing into the harsh realities of everyday life in his country. It undergoes through the phases of self-discovery through a coming of age. It takes place in Dublin in 1894 when it was under British rule. The boy in the story is strongly correlated with the author James Joyce. Young Goodman Brown was another story in which the ending results onRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 945 Words   |  4 PagesJames Joyce portrays fanciful mental images from a young boy’s perspective, through his story of Araby. A young boy has a friend name Mangan that lives across the street in which he began to watch Mangan’s sister through the windows and he starts to develop feelings for her that lead him to go to the Araby Bazaar. These feelings start to give the young boy assumptions about Mangan’s sister from the way she makes him feel leading to having these idealized characteristics about her. The emotions makeRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby955 Words   |  4 PagesIn James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† a nameless boy who is infatuated with the sister of his friend, Mangan reveals his vain wishes and expectations as he tries to impress her buy purchasing a romantic gift. The unbearable crush that he has, lures him on a journey to a Dublin bazaar called Araby, to purchase the gift, but encounters obstacles that later on gives him a change of heart. Instead of realizing that he does not need gifts to express his love for her, he gives up instead. As optimistic as he was aboutRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 1246 Words   |  5 Pages16 October 2014 Araby – James Joyce – Critical Analysis - Revision The visual and emblematic details established throughout the story are highly concentrated, with Araby culminating, largely, in the epiphany of the young unnamed narrator. To Joyce, an epiphany occurs at the instant when the spirit and essence of a character is revealed, when all the forces that endure and influence his life converge, and when we can, in that moment, comprehend and appreciate him. As follows, Araby is a story of anRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 994 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story Araby, James Joyce provides the audience with a glimpse if 19th century Ireland seen through the eyes of an adolescent young man. It is this adolescence and the navies of the world that is under attack. Joyce masterfully reveals an innocence held by Araby by contrasting it with a setting filled with symbology that eludes to the hopeless reality in which he lives. Joyce injects a sense of unrealized bleakness for the protagonist by the imagery that he puts forth. â€Å"North RichmondRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby Essay2018 Words   |  9 PagesJames Joyce was an Irish novelist and poet in the early 20th century. Joyce was the writer of â€Å"Araby†. A stoty published in 1914, in which the writer preserves an episode of his life, more specific when he a young twelve years old boy. But was does the word â€Å"Araby† means? According to diccionaty.com, â€Å"Araby† is an archaic or poetic name for Arabia. In addition, the story is about a boy who falls in love with a woman, she is the sister of one of the boy’s classmates. The name of the woman is neverRead MoreComparative Analysis Of Epiphany, From James Joyce s Araby And The Dead1758 Words   |  8 PagesComparative Analysis of Epiphany, from James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead† James Joyce elaborately portrays the complexity of the human male psyche through his protagonists in â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead.† Through the use of first person perspective, each protagonists’ true motivations and perceptions of reality are betrayed by Joyce, therefore allowing the reader to fully understand the fallacies and complexities within each character. Through the depictions of such complexities, Joyce is able to leverageRead More The Decline of Chivalry Explored in Araby and AP Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesuseful motive to win hearts of women for centuries. However, as society constantly changes, the effectiveness of these chivalrous acts has diminished. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP†, this theory is explored, both telling the story of a boy whose efforts to impress the girl of their desires fail. As said by Well’s in his critical analysis of these stories, â€Å"Both the protagon ists have come to realize that romantic gestures—in fact, that the whole chivalric view [sic] --- are, in modernRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Dubliners1668 Words   |  7 PagesDubliners, by James Joyce is an outstanding example of how the use of point of view influences how characters and events are interpreted. Joyce writes the first three stories of Dubliners in the first person point of view, the rest are told in there person. Taking a look at a few of the short stories , Araby, Eveline, and Clay, it is obvious that Joyce s choice of narration as well as the complexity of how he carries out those narrations plays a significant role in the analysis of his work.